JOURNAL PAPER

Azmal Mahmud Khan and MD. Sazzad Hossen,, Importance of Blue Economy: Prospects and Challenges for Bangladesh, Journal of International Relations, Jahangirnagar University, ISSN 2221-5743, XIV, 14, pp.5-19, 2024.

                             Abstract

The international political system is constantly changing. This change is influenced by the possession of resources and willingness to use those resources in alignment with the national interest. In the international system, the available resources are limited, and countries compete with each other to secure their own share of the same. Countries look for alternative sources to secure more resources. As the land-based resources are diminishing at an exponential rate, the ocean space is the only option left to the states to exploit much-needed resource. However, the technological knowledge is not shared and many countries are left behind to have the benefits from the ocean space. The concept of blue economy is a tool that can ensure overall global development. This paper analyses the evolution of blue economy, its global impact, prospects and challenges of blue economy in the context of Bangladesh and how to exploit the maximum benefits. It might be expected that it would certainly contribute to ensure the country's overall development and its position in the global politics.  

MD. Sazzad Hossen, A. M. Rafid Ullah and Umme Salma, Understanding Illicit Narcotic Drug Trafficking Along the Bangladesh-India Border : Factors, Impacts and Policy Approaches, Journal of International Relations, Jahangirnagar University, ISSN 2221-5743, XIV, 14, pp.33-49, 2024.

                                           Abstract

The illicit narcotics drug trafficking in the Bangladesh-India border has become a major security threat to the region, with an adverse impact on its stability and socio-economic progress. This research tries to comprehensively address the various dimensions of this burning issue, from the root causes of the proliferation of international trade to the far-reaching effects and the broad strategies needed to address this challenge. This research relies on highly diverse scholarly works and empirical evidence by providing sociological, economic, political, geographical, as well as cultural interpretations of the conditions that enable drug trafficking along the border. 
This study provides an in-depth analysis of the multifaceted issue of drug trafficking, beginning with its root causes—particularly the attraction of illicit income in the world’s poorest nations—and extending to the widespread corruption and the lack of effective governance that allow the trade to flourish. It explores the extensive and devastating effects of narcotics trafficking on a global scale, including its contribution to serious health crises, social disintegration, environmental degradation, and the instigation of interstate conflicts. Through critical reflection and thought-provoking discourse, the research underscores the severe consequences of drug trafficking on individuals, communities, and nations. It also offers comprehensive strategies to combat this global menace. These strategies focus on dismantling trafficking networks, reducing the demand for illicit substances, and adopting holistic, long-term solutions. 
The article advocates for a multi-dimensional approach that includes enhancing border security, fostering cross-agency collaboration, and strengthening both preventive and rehabilitative measures. The study highlights the urgent need for coordinated policy action—from parliamentary reforms to local enforcement initiatives and calls for global stakeholders, including governments, law enforcement agencies, and civil society, to reaffirm their commitment to the ongoing battle against illicit drug trafficking. Specifically, it recommends addressing underlying socioeconomic issues, minimizing the impact on vulnerable populations, and implementing robust interventions such as permanent patrolling, round-the-clock border surveillance, and the deployment of paramilitary forces. These efforts are particularly vital in high-risk regions like the Bangladesh-India border and are essential for ensuring a safer, healthier, and more prosperous future for generations to come.
 

MD. Sazzad Hossen, The Interconnected Dynamics of Narcotics, Political Fragility, and Security Aspects in Afghanistan: Implications for Domestic and International Countermeasures, The Jahangirnagar Review, Part- C, ISSN 2306-3920, XXXIII, pp.251-270, 2022.

Abstract

The narcotics trade in Afghanistan can be considered as a driving force and an outcome of political instability. The international community made efforts to control Afghanistan's drug economy for years, but these attempts proved unsuccessful. In 2021, Afghanistan's drug economy accounted for at least 14% of the country's GDP. The narcotics trade has wielded influence over power dynamics, contributed to challenges in governance, and impeded the progress of state-building initiatives. Simultaneously, political instability, characterized by frail governance structures and internal conflicts has created an environment conducive to the expansion of the narcotics trade. These mutual influences underscore the profound complexities threatening Afghanistan's stability and developmental efforts. This research paper delves into the intricate interplay between the narcotics trade, political instability, and regional security in Afghanistan, shedding light on the complex relationships that have significantly influenced the nation's political and social trajectory. Moreover, the research extends its focus to the domain of regional security, exploring how the interplay between the narcotics trade and political instability transcends national boundaries. The study examines how this intricate interplay gives rise to cross-border security threats, affects neighboring countries, and potentially amplifies efforts of the transnational criminal enterprises and insurgents. It also highlights the role of the United States in all these spheres of Afghan's dynamics. This study underlines the vital importance of formulating targeted countermeasures at both domestic and international levels. By unraveling the dynamics at play, the research aims to offer actionable insights for policymakers, international organizations, and stakeholders who are committed to fostering stability, reinforcing governance, and enhancing collaboration on regional security. Ultimately, this research contributes to a profound comprehension of Afghanistan's challenges and establishes a basis for strategic interventions that can pave the way for a more secure, stable, and prosperous future for the nation and its neighboring countries.

Md. Sazzad Hossen, The Emergence and Mechanism of Foreign Aid as a Neo-Colonial Apparatus: A Post-World War II Scenario, Journal of International Relations, Jahangirnagar University, ISSN 2221-5743, XIII, pp.75-97, 2022.

Abstract

The connectivity and interdependency among the modern states have increased exponentially in terms of politics, economics, culture, or every possible sector in today’s globalized world. To ensure uninterrupted economic and social growth, the countries often seek foreign aid as it is considered one of the most useful tools for socio-economic development. It is, therefore, not necessary to consider this approach counterproductive all the time. Nevertheless, on most occasions, for reasons whatever, the situation is quite downtrodden for most of the aid receiving countries. From the ancient period, world politics was determined and dominated by the imperialists expanding their territories and later the colonialists controlling the colonies. Till the end of World War II, the world has experienced it at different points of time. After the end of the Second World War, ‘something’ new was required to be established in the package of moral superiority. Hence, the inception of ‘neo colonialism’. The paper tries to elaborate on this juncture of the post-World War II era and also aims to examine the possible intentions of the USA, China, India along with some other international organizations which are seemingly practicing neo colonialism in the garb of so-called ‘assistance’. Meanwhile, it is true that all these states are too invested in the wellbeing of the world and great contributors in many positive ways. At the end of the paper, it is expected that a clearer vision will come out regarding the subject matter of the study.

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